ARCHIVED -  Public Notice CRTC 1992-38

Public Notice

Ottawa, 29 May 1992

Public Notice CRTC 1992-38

POLICIES FOR COMMUNITY AND CAMPUS RADIO

Table of Contents Pages Table des matières

A COMMUNITY RADIO 2

1. Definition 2

2. Types of Stations 3

3. Role and Mandate 7

4. Commercial Activity 7

5. Promise of Performance 10

a) Spoken Word 10

b) Musical Diversity 12

c) Program Formats 13

d) Music Usage Indicators 14

e) Canadian Content and French-language Vocal Music 15

6. Networks and Acquired Programming 17

a) Networks 17

b) Acquired Programming 18

7. Hours of Broadcasting 19

8. Local Talent Development 20

9. Volunteer Participation 20

10. Implementation 22

B CAMPUS RADIO 22

1. Defining Campus Radio 22

2. Structure of the Board of Directors 25

3. Complementarity 25

4. The Role Of Campus Radio 26

5. Financing and Advertising 29

6. Canadian Talent Development 32

7. News 33

8. Spoken Word 34

9. Categories of Music 35

10. Music Use Indicators 37

a) Hits 37

b) Repeats 38

c) French-Language Vocal Music 38

11. Levels of Canadian Music 39

12. Block Programming and Educational Programming 41

13.  Licensing More than One Campus Station in an Official Language in a Community 42

14. Campus Carrier Current Stations 42

15. Low-Power Stations 43

16. High School Stations 43

17. Content Categories and Subcategories 44

18. Other Matters 45

a) Application Forms 45

b) Hours of Broadcast 45

c) Implementation 46

d) Applications by Campus Stations to Become Community Stations 46

C ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 47

POLICIES FOR COMMUNITY AND CAMPUS RADIO

In Public Notice CRTC 1991-118 the Commission requested comments on new policy proposals for campus and community radio. The proposed policy followed consultations between representatives of the Commission and various parties interested in that sector of the broadcasting system. This document includes a discussion of the points made in the 35 submissions received, and sets out the policies that the Commission has now adopted.

Although the Commission proposed separate policies for community radio and campus radio, there are many similarities between the two. As noted in some of the submissions, community and campus radio are important components of the private non-profit sector of Canadian broadcasting. These stations, along with other non-profit stations operated by native broadcasters, provincial educational station CKUA-FM in Alberta, and CJRT-FM Toronto, make up a third sector of Canadian radio broadcasting that provides to Canadians a style of radio that is an alternative to that available from the CBC or private commercial stations.

A major goal of the Commission in developing these policies, which will apply to community and campus stations operating on both the AM and FM bands, has been to ensure that community and campus stations have the necessary flexibility to respond to the needs of listeners in their communities while ensuring that these stations offer a programming alternative.

ACOMMUNITY RADIO

1.Definition

In its draft policy on community radio, the Commission proposed to retain the same definition it has used since the emergence of this type of broadcasting undertaking in the early 1970s. That definition is based on the principles of collective ownership, member access, and commitment to the community.

Comments received during the consultations and in the briefs indicated some differences of opinion on this definition. The Commission notes the views of certain parties that broadcasters should be allowed to determine how they will operate and what services they can offer to their particular audience. Others stated that the Commission should place more emphasis on the community aspect of community radio programming.

The Commission acknowledges the evolutionary process that community radio has undergone in recent years. It also recognizes that the present economic climate, and the decreasing availability of funding from all levels of government, have led to many changes in this sector of the broadcasting system. The Commission is therefore prepared to be flexible in allowing these stations to develop in an orderly fashion. Nonetheless, it considers it important to reaffirm that community involvement in all aspects of community radio, particularly programming, is essential to the development, and thus, to the preservation of the distinct character of community radio within the Canadian broadcasting system. Accordingly, the Commission has decided to retain the following definition of community radio:

 A community radio station is characterized by its ownership and programming and the market it is authorized to serve. It is owned and controlled by a not-for-profit organization whose  structure provides for membership, management, operation and programming primarily by members of the community at large. Its programming should be based on community access and should reflect the special interests and needs of the listeners it is licensed to serve.

2. Types of Stations

The existing policy recognizes two types of community radio stations: Type A stations, which provide first service in one of the two official languages in a particular market; and Type B stations, which operate in competitive markets.

In Public Notice CRTC 1991-118, the Commission proposed to maintain the existing definition of "market", that being the geographical area:

(a) within the 5 millivolt-per- metre daytime official contour of an AM station; or

(b) within the 500 microvolt-per-metre official contour of an FM station.

During the consultations, some groups argued that this definition could give rise to problems related to the determination of whether a Type A or Type B licence should be issued, particularly in the case of provincial border stations. In Public Notice CRTC 1991-118, the Commission indicated that it was willing to consider this issue and requested further comments and proposals.

All of those who filed comments with the Commission were, for varying reasons, opposed to the above proposal. Some objected to a definition of market that would be based solely on geographic criteria, while others proposed the elimination of the language of broadcast in determining the type of licence to be issued community stations. Certain briefs argued that the Commission should protect existing community stations because of their "acquired rights". Under this proposal, Type A stations would no longer lose their status upon licence renewal if a new station has been licensed to operate in the same language and in the same market. These parties also recommended that the Commission incorporate some additional elements in the definition of market for the purpose of determining the type of licence to be issued to a community broadcaster, or, at a minimum, that the Commission assess all new community radio licence applications on an individual basis, particularly in the case of provincial border stations.

On the other hand, although the briefs filed by commercial radio interests supported the definition of market, some recommended that the Commission make some additions and amendments which, they argue, would prevent excessive encroachment by community radio into commercial radio territory. They suggested that a new category be created for community stations in markets where at least one station is already operating in the other language. These community stations would be required to adhere to certain restrictions regarding advertising and programming.

The Commission has considered very carefully the proposals and comments regarding the definitions of market and of the licence types. Opinions were very strongly divided, all the more so because of the current state of the economy. Having reviewed this matter, the Commission has concluded that some measures are required to ensure greater fairness and balance in the broadcasting system.

Regarding the definition of market, although the Commission received some valid arguments in favour of expanding the definition, it remains convinced that the proposed criteria are adequate for the purposes of a general policy. Accordingly, the Commission has retained the existing definition of market. Although the Commission will not generally be prepared to make exceptions in this area, it is aware that exceptions may be warranted in particular circumstances.

Regarding licence types, the Commission does not share the view that the language of broadcast should be disregarded in determining what type of community radio licence should be issued. The Commission does not intend to create a new licence category for community stations operating in a market that is served by one or more stations operating in the other language. Nonetheless, the Commission is aware of the problems that can arise in a market where this situation exists. Such cases will be considered on an individual basis.

The Commission also recognizes that first service (Type A) community stations have been pioneers in serving markets that were once considered unprofitable. Moreover, these stations continue to provide an essential service as agents of cultural and social development within the communities they serve. The Commission considers that the establishment of a new station in a market hitherto served exclusively by a community station should not automatically cause the community station to forfeit its Type A status. Accordingly, the Commission has amended, as follows, the definitions of the types of licence to allow Type A stations to retain their Type A status when one or more new stations are established in the same market:

  Type A

 A community radio station is a Type A station if, when the licence is issued, no other AM or FM radio station is licensed to operate in the same language in all or any part of the same market.

 If one or more stations are licensed to operate in the same language in all or any part of the same market at the time of the licence renewal, the station will retain its Type A status. In all other cases, including applications to increase power, the Commission will assess the application on its merits.

 Type B

 A community station is a Type B station if, when the licence is issued, at least one other AM or FM station is licensed to operate in the same language in all or any part of the same market.

For the purpose of determining whether a licence should be a Type A or Type B licence, the Commission proposed that existing campus radio stations would be counted as stations operating in a market, while CBC originating stations would not.

The Commission received only one brief opposing this proposal. The brief recommended that the presence of a campus radio station in a market not be considered in the determination as to which type of community licence should be issued. Despite this opposing view, the Commission is satisfied that this measure is appropriate and will further enhance diversity in the Canadian broadcasting system. Accordingly, the Commission has decided that the existence of campus radio stations in the same market will be considered in the determination as to whether to issue a Type A or Type B licence in the same market. CBC originating stations, however, will not be included in such determinations.

3.Role and Mandate

The Commission proposed to retain the six characteristics of community radio as set out in the existing policy.

The briefs received generally support this proposal. However, some of those commenting argued that, in the current economic context, the Commission should remove the requirement that community stations diversify their sources of funding.

The Commission considers that, in view of the nature of community radio and its role in the Canadian broadcasting system, it is essential that it continue to derive its revenues from a variety of sources. The Commission views revenue diversification as being much more than a laudable objective; it is essential to the existence and preservation of the distinctive character of community radio. Accordingly, the Commission has retained the definition of the role and mandate of community radio based on the following six essential elements:

- the type of corporation and ownership;

- participation of volunteer workers in management (board of directors) and programming;

- membership;

- local information, including news, community services, and air time available to organizations;

- diversity of programming; and

- diversity of funding.

4.Commercial Activity

While reaffirming the requirement for diversity in the sources of funding for community radio, the Commission also proposed to abolish the limit of 1500 minutes of advertising per broadcast week for Type A stations. It also proposed to maintain the requirement that Type B stations adhere to an average, measured on a weekly basis, of 4 minutes of advertising per broadcast hour, with a maximum of 6 minutes in any single hour, for an overall maximum of 504 minutes of advertising per week.

The Commission examined the issue of advertising by stations broadcasting ethnic programming. Based on requests received from some broadcasters, it proposed in Public Notice CRTC 1991-118 to consider on an individual basis applications by licensees that broadcast ethnic programming to increase the maximum level of advertising to 8 minutes per hour during ethnic programs.

The comments received in response to these proposals indicated that no consensus exists on the overall issue of commercial activity.

As for advertising by Type A stations, the vast majority of the briefs expressed support for the Commission's proposal; the support expressed in one of these was conditional on the Commission setting a maximum of 1500 minutes of advertising per week for Type A stations in the same market as a commercial station operating in the other language.

As for the proposal regarding advertising by Type B stations, opinions were clearly divided between commercial radio interests, who supported the limit, and others who recommended greater latitude for community stations. Community radio supporters suggested several amendments to the restrictions proposed by the Commission, including an increase in the average advertising limits. A private broadcaster stated that the restrictions on community radio stations are inadequate, and recommended that advertising revenues be limited to 50% of total annual revenue.

The Commission is fully aware that the present economic situation and the trend toward less financial participation by governments has influenced the opinions and recommendations of various parties concerning commercial activity by community stations. Indeed, it recognizes that the radio industry, including community radio, is going through a period of financial difficulty. Nonetheless, the Commission considers that an increase in advertising revenues is not the only nor the best solution to the financial problems of community radio. Rather, other solutions may very well lie in greater diversification of revenue sources and sound financial management. At the same time, it sees no need to limit the percentage of revenues derived from advertising.
Accordingly, the Commission has adopted its proposals concerning commercial activity by community radio stations. The new policy will be as follows:

Type A stations: There will be no limit on advertising by Type A stations.

Type B stations: Type B stations will be permitted to broadcast a weekly average of 4 minutes of advertising for every hour of broadcast, up to an overall total of 504 minutes of advertising per week. The Commission will maintain the maximum of 6 minutes of advertising in any single hour by community stations. The Commission will not take into account any material broadcast between midnight and 6 a.m.

With regard to advertising by broadcasters of ethnic programming, those who commented on the issue supported the Commission's proposal. One group, however, recommended that this enhanced flexibility be allowed only in markets where there are no commercial stations broadcasting the same kind of programming to the same ethnic community, and only where the licensee, despite this greater flexibility, observes the maximum advertising limit per broadcast week (504 minutes per week).

The authorization to increase the hourly maximum for advertising in ethnic programs must not be interpreted as an encouragement to exceed the total advertising time limit applicable to these stations. At the same time the Commmission considers that it is inappropriate to apply this measure only to stations operating in markets where there are no commercial stations broadcasting ethnic programming to the same cultural community. Accordingly, the Commission has adopted the following policy for advertising during ethnic programs:

The Commission is prepared to consider on an individual basis applications by licensees broadcasting ethnic programming to increase their maximum advertising time to 8 minutes per hour during ethnic programs provided that the licensee observe the overall maximum of 504 minutes of on-air advertising per broadcast week.

5.Promise of Performance

a) Spoken Word

The Commission proposed to maintain the current requirements for spoken word content on Type A stations; these requirements are limited to the 15% minimum per broadcast week prescribed in the Radio Regulations, 1986 (the regulations). It also proposed to lower the requirement for Type B stations from 35% to 25%.

There was no consensus among the submissions regarding this proposal. Representatives of commercial radio considered that the spoken word requirement should be increased to anywhere between 30% and 35% for Type B community radio stations, and between 20% and 30% for Type A stations. The most common justification for reinstating this level was the desire to maintain a clear distinction between commercial broadcasters and community broadcasters.

On the other hand, some interveners argued that the Commission should maintain the status quo for Type A stations, and set two levels for Type B stations depending on the time of day (25% during daytime hours, 15% during the evening), and depending on the day of the week (25% for weekdays, 15% for weekends). The basis for this recommendation is the fact that it is very difficult for volunteer producers to achieve a high level of spoken word content in their programming.

The Commission has always sought to foster diversity within the Canadian broadcasting system by maintaining a clear distinction between community radio and commercial radio. It is also aware of the difficulty of maintaining a high level of spoken word content because of the limited human resources available to most community radio undertakings. Based on its analysis of the programming broadcast by community radio stations, the Commission considers the proposed level to be a reasonable one that will both preserve the diversity in radio services and provide enough flexibility to enable these stations to produce quality community-oriented programming. Accordingly, the Commission has decided to adopt the following measure:

 For Type A stations, the Commission will not set a specific minimum spoken word requirement. However, community stations will be expected to adhere to the minimum level of 15% spoken word per broadcast week required of all FM stations under the regulations. The Commission expects Type A stations to continue to produce community-oriented programming and, thus, to offer a level of spoken word sufficient to provide adequate service to their audience. Promises of Performance filed by Type A applicants and licensees will be assessed on an individual basis.

 As for Type B stations, the Commission will impose a minimum weekly requirement of 25% spoken word programming, with an emphasis on community-oriented programming.

(b)Musical Diversity

In the draft policy, the Commission proposed that at least 20% of the music on community radio be drawn from sub-categories other than 21 (Pop, Rock and Dance), and from Category 3. It also proposed not to impose a minimum level for Category 3 music.

The Commission received several briefs in response to these proposals, some stating that they did not go far enough, while one party argued that they were reasonable. Among the parties opposed to the Commission's proposals there was no clear consensus as to the minimum level of music from sub-categories other than 21 that would be most effective in promoting musical diversity in each community station. Some suggested that 25% or 30% would be more appropriate, and one party went so far as to propose a requirement that selections from each of the sub-categories other than 21 should be evenly distributed throughout the broadcast week by all community stations.

The vast majority of commercial stations play mainly sub-category 21 selections. As stated in the current policy, community stations should offer highly diversified musical fare in order to serve the musical tastes of all segments of the community. The Commission considers, however, that in promoting musical diversity, one cannot ignore the realities of community radio and the availability of material and financial resources. Accordingly, the Commission has decided to adopt the following measure:

 At least 20% of the music broadcast by community stations must be drawn from sub-categories other than 21 (Pop, Rock and Dance), and from Category 3. There will be no minimum level for Category 3 music, but the Commission will assess commitments regarding this category on an individual basis. Adherence to such commitments will be a condition of licence upon the issuance or renewal of a licence.

(c)Program Formats

Rather than restrict community stations to specific musical groups, the Commission proposed to classify them as Community Format stations without reference to musical groups. Of the comments received, all supported this proposal except for one, who proposed a new format for alternative music programming.

Because the Commission encourages community radio stations to diversify their music programming by drawing on as many sub-categories as possible, it considers that they should be assigned a format that allows maximum programming latitude. The Commission also views its proposal as providing the flexibility required. Accordingly, the Commission will consider community stations as Community Format stations without reference to musical groups.

(d)Music Usage Indicators

The Commission proposed to maintain the maximum repeat factor of 10 for Type B stations only, and to disregard the list of distinct musical selections. In view of the inadequacy of the available French-language hit charts as a measuring tool, it proposed to continue to place no limit on the use of hits by French-language stations. The Commission further proposed to require English-language stations to make specific commitments in this regard, but not to impose a maximum level.

Those who submitted comments were not unanimous in their response to this proposal. Some stated that the maximum repeat factor of 10 should be dropped, arguing either that it does not promote musical diversity on community radio or that it would unduly limit the options available to some community radio operators who have difficulty finding enough musical selections, especially French-language vocal music. One party supported the Commission's proposal, but stated that it should also apply to Type A stations in markets with at least one other station operating in the other language.

Regarding the other music usage indicators, the comments received supported the Commission's proposal.

Although there are differences of opinion regarding the proposed repeat factor of 10, the Commission considers that this measure will promote musical diversity in the programming of each Type B station. It is confident that this measure need not be applied to Type A broadcasters in competitive market situations. Accordingly, the Commission has adopted the following measure:

 The Commission will maintain as an important element of musical diversity, the maximum repeat factor of 10 only for Type B stations.

 The number of distinct musical selections will no longer be taken into account. The Commission will continue to place no limit on the use of hits by French-language stations; English-language stations, however, will be expected to make specific commitments in this regard. Although no universal maximum level will be imposed, the Commission reserves the right to set limits by condition of licence.

(e) Canadian Content and French-language Vocal Music

As of 1 September 1991, community stations, unless otherwise authorized by condition of licence, have been required to broadcast a weekly level of at least 30% Canadian content which is the same minimum level required of commercial stations. In addition, French-language stations are generally required to play 65% French-language vocal music over the broadcast week. The draft policy proposed to maintain these requirements.

Most of the comments expressed support for this proposal, while two parties had reservations. One music industry representative stated that the Commission should require community stations to play 50% Canadian music, which is the level required of the CBC. One community station pointed out that, because of the kind of music it plays, defined by the Commission as falling in sub-category 21, it is concerned that it may have difficulty conforming to the 30% Canadian content requirement.

Having considered these arguments, the Commission is confident that it is appropriate and reasonable to continue to require 30% Canadian music content and, in the case of French-language stations, 65% French-language vocal music. It does not consider it appropriate to require community stations to comply with the same Canadian content requirement as the CBC. Unlike community stations, which play a great deal of popular music, a very high proportion of CBC programming consists of spoken word and special interest music. Thus, a 50% Canadian content requirement for all popular music on community radio could jeopardize the musical diversity that these stations provide. Accordingly, the Commission has adopted the following measure:

As required by the regulations, all community stations will be expected to ensure that at least 30% of general popular music selections (category 2) and at least 10% of traditional and special interest music selections (category 3) broadcast each week are Canadian. At least 7% of music in ethnic programming periods must be Canadian, as set out in the regulations.

The guidelines on reasonable distribution of Canadian music set out in the policy for commercial FM stations (Public Notice CRTC 1990-111) also apply to community stations. These guidelines are as follows:

- at least 25% of popular music selections broadcat between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m. Monday through Friday should be Canadian,

- Canadian selections should receive reasonably even distribution throughout these dayparts and throughout the broadcast week,

- there should be a significant presence of Canadian music in high audience periods, these traditionally being the morning and afternoon drive periods, and

- French-language stations must continue to ensure that at least 65% of the vocal music broadcast each week is in the French-language.

6. Networks and Acquired Programming

(a)Networks

The Commission proposed to maintain the existing policy for Type A stations and amend the policy for Type B undertakings with a view to facilitating network affiliation.

As no views were submitted opposing the Commission's proposal, the policy has been adopted as proposed, that is:

  The Commission will continue to permit Type A stations to affiliate with networks or acquire programming from other radio stations to avoid having to sign off at the end of their local programming.

 Type B station applicants and licensees will be required to file an appendix to their Promises of Performance demonstrating that the network programs or acquired programs they wish to broadcast will complement, but not replace, their local programs. Such filings will not form part of the Promise of Performance, and adherence to the commitments made in the filings will not be part of any condition of licence. Stations originating programming for network broadcast will also be required to file network applications in accordance with the Radio Networks and Syndication Policy (Public Notices CRTC 1989-3 and 1989-4).

(b)Acquired Programming

In response to a recommendation made during the consultation process, the Commission proposed to allow community stations to exclude up to 30 minutes per week of the commercials contained in Canadian syndicated programs when calculating the weekly total of advertising material broadcast.

Different viewpoints were expressed by those who commented on this issue. Some were in favour of the Commission's proposal, while others were opposed, claiming that the exemption is not generous enough to encourage community stations to increase the exchange of acquired programming. They recommended raising the exemption to 60 minutes, which is the exemption accorded to commercial undertakings. On the other hand, one group recommended a 30-minute exemption for Type B stations, provided that the programs concerned are produced by another community broadcaster.

The Commission is of the view that the formation of networks and the ability to exchange programs produced by other community broadcasters would contribute significantly to the development of community radio. Based on the comments received on this issue, the Commission considers that it is appropriate to allow community stations more flexibility in calculating their exemptions for acquired programming. It believes, however, that these programs must have a high spoken word content and be produced by not-for-profit organizations, producers or broadcasters. Accordingly, the Commission has adopted the following policy on acquired programming:

 The Commission will allow community stations to exclude up to 60 minutes per week of advertising material contained in Canadian syndicated programs when calculating their advertising broadcast time, provided that these programs are produced exclusively by a community or student organization (or broadcaster or producer), that the programs have a high spoken word content or are of concerts broadcast live or on a tape delay (first play) basis, and that they be of specific interest to the community served.

7.Hours of Broadcasting

The Commission proposed to continue permitting community radio stations to increase or decrease their weekly broadcast time by 20% without application to the Commission. The few comments that were received on this matter supported the Commission's policy proposal. Accordingly, the Commission has adopted the proposal without amendment.

8.Local Talent Development

In response to suggestions received during consultations conducted prior to the announcement of its policy proposals for community radio, the Commission proposed to no longer require community stations to make monetary contributions to the development of Canadian talent. Community broadcasters were to continue promoting the development of local artists through their programming.

In general, the comments received concerning this question expressed satisfaction with the Commission's proposal.

The Commission wishes to acknowledge the important role of community radio stations in providing on-air exposure for young talent. In its view, this contribution amply justifies relieving such stations of any requirement that they make financial commitments to the development of Canadian talent. Accordingly, the Commission has adopted the following measure:

 Community stations will no longer be asked to make monetary contributions to the development of Canadian talent. Instead, they will be expected to outline plans to promote and feature music by new Canadian artists, local artists and artists whose music is seldom heard on other stations.

9.Volunteer Participation

Although the Commission made no specific proposals regarding public access to community radio programming, it remains a major Commission preoccupation. The issue was also raised in the filings received by the Commission. The licensee of a commercial station expressed the view that the Commission should require community stations to make specific commitments to maintain a strong element of volunteer participation. It proposed that such participation should be present in a minimum of 33% of all radio programming and that this percentage of the programming should be distributed uniformly throughout the broadcast day.

The Commission notes that most community radio stations allocate a substantial proportion of their schedules to programming produced by individuals or organizations on a volunteer basis. The Commission considers that it is important that community stations encourage as much as possible community access to their programming. As the Commission has stated several times, community access to the airwaves was one of the principles underlying the establishment of this type of broadcasting undertaking. Accordingly, the Commission's concern is to ensure that this principle is reflected in the definition, role and mandate of community radio.

Nevertheless, the Commission is aware of the limitations of volunteer participation, especially in sparsely populated areas.

Accordingly, the Commission will not require community broadcasters to maintain any specific minimum level of volunteer involvement. At the same time, all community radio licensees will be expected to facilitate community access to their programming by clearly informing the public of the opportunities for community participation. The Commission further expects community radio applicants and licensees to describe in their licence applications or renewal applications the measures to be taken to promote volunteer training and the mechanisms put in place to train and supervise volunteer workers.

10.Implementation

All community stations will be considered to be operating in compliance with their Promises of Performance until their next licence renewal provided they meet the guidelines set out in the policy, with the exception of any commitments that are subject to specific conditions of licence. Any changes to specific conditions of licence will require Commission approval before implementation.

Stations that currently have commitments in their Promises of Performance that are outside the limits specified in the policy may continue with their current commitments and conditions of licence until the end of their current licence term.

B CAMPUS RADIO

1. Defining Campus Radio

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed to define two types of campus stations. Instructional stations would have formal associations with broadcasting courses and broadcast training as a primary objective. Campus/community stations would be stations not formally associated with broadcasting courses and would provide programming produced primarily by volunteers who are either students or members of the community at large.

A number of briefs discussed the distinction that would exist between community stations and campus/community stations under the proposal. Four parties suggested that the Commission move toward a single policy for campus/community and community stations on the grounds that a unified policy, perhaps with specialized requirements for particular types of non-profit operations where required, would provide for easier interpretation and a clearer role for such stations. It was also observed that a single policy for both campus/community and community stations might make it easier for campus-based stations to obtain various grants available to community stations.

On the other hand, three submissions from Quebec argued that there should be a clear distinction between campus stations and community stations, especially in Quebec where there are a large number of community stations. They expressed the concern that, under the Commission's proposal, campus stations could begin to compete with community stations and that campus radio would begin to lose its distinctiveness.

These two points of view reflect the different environments in which Canadian campus and community stations operate: one essentially reflects the situation in Quebec, where community radio is well developed, and the other represents a perspective arising from circumstances elsewhere in Canada where there are few community stations, and campus/community stations have moved in to play the role that community stations were expected to assume.

The Commission views as a positive development the evolution of campus/community stations toward greater involvement with and by the community at large, especially in areas without community stations, since such stations provide the means for all members of a community to have access to alternative programming that is of interest to them. However, it is also possible for a campus-based station to provide a diverse service to the community without assuming the role of a community station. In fact, in areas already served by a community station, this might be desirable to maximize program diversity. The policy should leave room for stations that maintain a strong campus orientation and also provide a mechanism for helping to ensure that a campus and a community station operating in the same area provide services that are different from each other. The Commission will therefore amend its proposal in several aspects as it relates to the distinction between campus/community stations and community stations. First, it will generally expect representatives of the student body, faculty, alumni or administration representatives of the university or college with which the station is associated, considered together, to form the majority of the board of directors of a campus station. The Commission considers that this will help ensure a distinction in orientation between campus and community stations.

It will also require that, at the time of application for a new licence or for licence renewal, a campus station indicate how it will provide a service that is different from that of other campus or community stations serving the same market. The Commission will retain the option of making these commitments conditions of licence.

Three briefs requested that the definitions of campus/community and instructional stations be clarified by specifying in what category a station devoting only a portion of its broadcasting time to students doing programming for class credit would fall.

The Commission's definition of instructional stations was intended to include only those stations whose primary purpose is to train professional broadcasters. During consultations conducted prior to the release of the proposed policy, it was agreed that these stations are, indeed, different in purpose and philosophy from stations that fall into the campus/community category.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following definitions of campus radio:

 Campus station: A campus station is a station owned or controlled by a not-for-profit organization associated with a post-secondary educational institution. There are two types of campus stations:

 Campus/community: This is a campus station with programming produced primarily by volunteers who are either students or members of the community at large. The training of professional broadcasters is not the station's primary objective.

 Instructional: This is a campus station that has the training of professional broadcasters as its primary objective.

 (These definitions replace the current definitions of student and institutional stations)

2. Structure of the Board of Directors

The Commission will generally expect representatives of the student body, faculty, alumni or administration representatives of the university or college with which the station is associated, considered together, to form the majority of the board of directors of a campus station.

The Commission would, however, in locations where there are no community stations, consider as acceptable under the policy, boards whose majority is not connected with the associated university or college, where it can be demonstrated that such flexibility is necessary for the station to operate effectively.

3. Complementarity

The Commission seeks to ensure that each campus station provides a service that is complementary, not only to those of commercial broadcasters, but also to the services provided by community stations and other campus broadcasters in the same area. Therefore, at the time of application for a new licence or for licence renewal, campus stations will be asked to demonstrate how they provide a service that is different from other stations, including community stations and other campus stations, serving their community. They may address this through reference to:

- the level of student involvement in membership, on the board of directors, management and programming of the station,

- technical coverage of the station,

- language(s) of programming,

- orientation of spoken word and music programming,

- types of special interest programming offered,

- access policy,

- the extent to which the station intends to reflect the campus to the community, and

- other areas considered relevant by the applicant.

4. The Role Of Campus Radio

The Commission's policy proposal suggested the following roles for campus stations:

 Campus/community: The primary purpose of these stations is to provide alternative programming such as music not generally heard on commercial stations or the CBC (including traditional and special interest music as well as popular music), in-depth spoken word programming, and programming addressed to specialized groups within the community.  Although students play a major role in programming, campus/ community stations should also provide access to members of the community at large when their signals reach beyond the campus.

 Such stations also provide training in radio production to volunteers.

 Instructional: A primary role of these stations is to provide a training ground for students in broadcasting courses. At the same time, these stations must also provide their communities with alternative programming. Alternative programming should include music not heard on other stations (including traditional and special interest music as well as popular music), in-depth spoken word programming, and some formal educational programming produced in cooperation with the sponsoring institution.

Two submissions noted that the roles of campus/community and community stations overlapped, and suggested that a clearer distinction be made between these two types. The Commission considers that most of the concerns raised in these submissions have been addressed by the revised definitions. It will also revise the description of the role of such stations to indicate the need for complementarity.

A number of other revisions to the proposed policy were suggested. One was that provision be made to permit the use of alternative music styles heard on CBC. Another suggested that the word "major" be removed from the statement "... although students play a major role in programming." Concern was expressed that this adjective implies "majority" and that a majority role may not always produce the most appropriate balance between student and community groups. In the Commission's view, the word major does not mean majority in this context, but rather "important" and, as such, its inclusion is appropriate in the circumstances. It was also suggested that a further role be identified for campus stations, that being to provide exposure for a variety of Canadian performers and musical styles.

With respect to instructional stations, two submissions expressed concern with the statement that formal educational programming must be produced in cooperation with the associated institution. The Commission agrees that it is not important where formal educational programming is produced, only that it be provided.

In light of the concerns noted above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to the role of campus stations:

Campus/community: The primary role of these stations is to provide alternative programming such as music, especially Canadian music, not generally heard on commercial stations (including traditional and special interest music, as well as styles of popular music seldom broadcast), in-depth spoken word programming, and programming targeted to specialized groups within the community. Although students play an important role in programming, campus/community stations may also provide access to members of the community-at-large. Such stations also provide training in radio production to volunteers.

Instructional: The primary role of these stations is to provide a training ground for students in broadcasting courses. These stations must also provide their audiences with alternative programming. Alternative programming should include music, especially Canadian music, not generally heard on commercial stations (including traditional and special interest music, as well as styles of popular music seldom broadcast), in-depth spoken word programming, and some formal educational programming. All campus stations (both campus/community and instructional) should provide programming that is complementary, not only to that of commercial stations but also to that of community stations and other campus stations operating in the same location.

5. Financing and Advertising

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed that campus/community stations continue to be allowed to broadcast a maximum of four minutes per hour of restricted advertising. Instructional stations would be expected to be financed by sources other than advertising.

A wide range of views was received with respect to advertising on campus/community stations.

One brief expressed agreement with the proposal. Five agreed with the proposal to allow four minutes of advertising per hour, but asked that the restriction on the type of advertising be removed.

They considered that the current restriction (defined in Public Notice CRTC 1983-43) is difficult to interpret, and noted that advertising revenues of campus stations, averaging only $33,000 per station annually, do not undermine the revenues of commercial stations. They also contended that the special interest programming offered by campus/community stations will prevent them from becoming mass appeal stations.

Two suggested that the advertising limits applied to campus/community stations be the same as those applied to Type B community stations, noting that campus stations face financial difficulties as serious as those experienced by commercial broadcasters. A non-profit organization providing syndicated programming to campus and communitystations, suggested that the syndicated programming incentive proposed for community stations also be applied to campus stations.

The Commission's position has always been that campus stations should not rely heavily on advertising revenues lest this cause stations to adopt programming that is similar to that of commercial stations.

While the Commission agrees that the current restriction requires a measure of interpretation, it also notes that no complaints concerning violations of this restriction have been received in recent years. It seems to have served as a control on the type of advertising broadcast.

The position set out in some of the briefs, that campus/community stations should have the same advertising limits as community stations, reflects the move by some campus/ community stations towards greater involvement by members of the community-at-large. The Commission, however, considers that campus/ community stations have a certain advantage over community stations in that they generally have a large membership of students to provide base funding while, for many community stations, sources of government funding are being reduced.

None of those addressing the issue agreed with the proposal to no longer allow advertising on instructional stations. Most of the briefs addressed the situation of CIXX-FM London, Ontario, the only instructional station currently on air. Commercial broadcasters in the area did not support the roll-back and it was noted that the change would oblige the station to cease operations in the summer, depriving listeners of service and several students of summer jobs. It was also noted that the proposed change would limit the capacity of instructionalstations to train students in broadcast sales and commercial production.

In light of the above comments, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to advertising on campus stations:

Campus stations (both campus/community and instructional) will be permitted to broadcast a maximum of four minutes per hour of restricted advertising. Restricted advertising is defined as follows:

 The Commission will permit simple statements of sponsorship that identify the sponsors of a program or of the station. Such statements may incorporate the names of the sponsor, the business address, hours of business and a brief general description of the types of services or products that the sponsor provides, including the price, name and brand name of the product. Such statements must not contain references to convenience, durability or desirability or contain other comparative or competitive reference.

Advertising in Canadian programming acquired from other campus or community stations or from non-profit syndicators will not be counted in the assessment of compliance with the four minute per hour advertising limit. All advertising, however, including that in Canadian acquired programming, must fall within the definition of "restricted" advertising set out above.

Additional advertising flexibility will be considered on a case-by-case basis in exceptional circumstances, such as where a campus station provides the only private local service in one of the official languages inits community.

6. Canadian Talent Development

The Commission's policy proposal with respect to Canadian talent development was that campus stations no longer be asked to make monetary contributions to the development of Canadian talent. Instead, they would outline plans to promote and feature music by new Canadian artists, local artists and artists whose music is seldom heard on other stations, and to submit plans for training students and other volunteers. All briefs commenting on this proposal expressed general agreement. However, one submission requested the Commission to clarify what would be expected in plans for training, and asked if this expectation would apply to both campus/ community and instructional stations.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to Canadian talent development by campus stations:

Campus stations (both campus/community and instructional) will no longer be asked to make monetary contributions to the development of Canadian talent. Instead, they will be expected to outline plans to promote and feature music by new Canadian artists, local artists and artists whose music is seldom heard on other stations.

Licensees of all campus stations (both campus/community and instructional) must indicate the role their stations will play in training students and other volunteers, as well as the approximate percentage of total programming that will be produced by students to fulfil requirements of courses they are taking.

7. News

The Commission proposed that instructional stations would have to devote at least 4% of the broadcast week to news. No minimum level for news was proposed for campus/community stations, but they would be expected to include programming addressing public issues in their schedules.

All of the briefs addressing the issue agreed with the proposal, with one exception, which suggested that campus/community stations should continue to make commitments for news.

The Commission proposed no minimum level for news on campus/community stations because, during consultations, these stations explained that they would prefer to concentrate on other types of public affairs programming. It is this type of spoken word programming, rather than newscasts, that is often lacking in the programming of commercial stations. The Commission therefore considers that allowing campus/community stations to concentrate on public affairs programming would serve to increase rather than decrease diversity.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to news on campus stations:

No minimum guideline for the amount of news broadcast by campus/community stations will be established. They will, however, be expected to include programming addressing public issues in their schedules (see the next section of this document dealing with spoken word).

Instructional stations should devote at least 4% of the broadcast week (e.g. 5 hours per week for a station with a broadcast week of 126 hours)to news. Local news coverage, whether of issues related to the campus or the community, should be emphasized. This is an expectation, not a Promise of Performance requirement, and will not be in effect during vacation periods.

8. Spoken Word

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed a spoken word level of at least 25% of all programming broadcast by both campus/community and instructional stations. It indicated that specialized presentations such as public and community affairs programs should be included in the schedule.

A few briefs expressed concern that a level of 25% spoken word could be difficult to achieve by lower-power stations or those in smaller communities, especially during vacation periods. One brief, on the other hand, suggested a 30% level to ensure a distinction between campus and commercial stations.

The 25% level was proposed by the Commission because it found general acceptance during consultations and was the same as that being proposed for Type B community stations. The Commission also notes that the revised radio categories and subcategories adopted in 1986 have expanded the definitions of what qualifies as spoken word programming, thus making a 25% level easier to achieve.

The 30% minimum suggested is exactly double that required of commercial stations. During consultations, several campus/community stations indicated that such a minimum would only be possible for the largest stations to produce. The Commission recognizes the concern about vacation periods, and in the section of this document entitled "Other Matters", discusses circumstances under which campus stations may reduce their hours of operation during the summer months so long as they remain in compliance with the percentage commitments set out in their Promises of Performance.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to spoken word programming broadcast on campus stations:

At least 25% of programming broadcast on both campus/community and instructional stations should be spoken word.

Specialized spoken word presentations, such as public and community affairs programs, should be included in the schedule.

9. Categories of Music

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed that at least 20% of music played by campus stations should come from subcategories other than "Pop, Rock and Dance." At least 5% of music played would have to come from category 3 with the remaining 15% coming from category 3 or from subcategories of category 2 other than Pop, Rock and Dance.

A few briefs expressed concern with the proposal. Some suggested that 20% was too low, while others suggested that instructional stations should be able to operate as closely as possible to the rules students would be required to follow when they are eventually employed by the broadcasting industry.

The Commission notes that, in fact, campus/community stations play little of the music that is heard on most commercial stations. They tendto concentrate on new artists and musical styles that have not achieved general popularity. However, under the Commission's system of content categories and subcategories, much of this material still falls into the Pop, Rock and Dance subcategory. Some suggested that the music subcategories be redefined to make the differences more evident, but no specific suggestions were received on exactly how this could be done.

With respect to comments from licensees of instructional stations, the Commission is not persuaded that exposure to a wider range of music would jeopardize the training of students. It notes that there is a broad range of music that could be used to satisfy the requirement. As well, as indicated earlier, an important role of campus stations is to add to the diversity of programming available in a community; the Commission considers that presenting a significant amount of music from categories other than pop, rock and dance is an important element in providing this diversity.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to music subcategories:

At least 20% of music played on all campus stations (both campus/community and instructional) should come from subcategories other than "Pop, Rock and Dance. At least 5% of the music played should come from category 3. The remaining 15% may come from category 3 or from subcategories of category 2 other than "Pop, Rock and Dance."

10. Music Use Indicators

a) Hits

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed that the level of hits broadcast each week should not exceed 15% of all musical selections for campus/community stations or 30% for instructional stations. These limits would apply only to English-language stations in view of the inadequacy of the available French-language hit charts as a measuring tool and the requirement that at least 65% of popular vocal music be in the French-language.

No objections were raised with the proposal as it relates to campus/ community stations. However, those associated with instructional stations argued that these stations should be able to program up to 50% hits so that students can be trained in situations that are the same as those they would face as employees of radio stations. The Commission is not convinced that a level of 30% hits rather than 50% hits would seriously impede the training process of students. It also notes that the CBC and a number of other radio stations employing professional broadcasters do not emphasise hit selections in their programming. Finally, it considers that a lower level of hits is necessary to ensure that an instructional station makes an effective contribution to diversity.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to the use of hits by campus stations:

The level of hits broadcast each week should not exceed 15% of all musical selections for campus/community stations or 30% for instructional stations (not applicable toFrench-language stations). b) Repeats

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed a maximum repeat factor of 10 for campus/community stations and 18 for instructional stations.

Although no concerns were expressed with the proposal as it relates to campus/community stations, one brief suggested that both instructional and campus/community stations should have the same maximum repeat factor of 10 to ensure diversity.

The Commission considers that the requirements of the new policy for music from subcategories other than pop, rock and dance and restrictions on the use of hits are sufficient to ensure musical diversity.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to the repeating of musical selections by campus stations:

Campus/community stations should not repeat any non-Canadian musical selection more than 10 times in a broadcast week. For instructional stations the limit is 18 times per broadcast week.

c) French-Language Vocal Music

No comments addressed the Commission's proposal in this area.

The Commission therefore adopts the following policy with respect to the programming of French-language vocal music selections by campus stations:

At least 65% of vocal music selections from category 2 played each broadcast week must be in the French language. This applies to both campus/community and instructional stations (French-language stations only; commitments by stations proposing programming in both French and English will be considered on a case-by-case basis).

11. Levels of Canadian Music

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed levels of Canadian music that are the same as those that commercial stations must meet: at least 30% of all popular music selections (category 2) and at least 10% of all traditional and special interest music selections (category 3).

Three briefs stated that the levels could be hard to attain if the stations were to continue to emphasize alternative music. One of those suggested that ethnic programming be exempted from Canadian content calculations.

On the other hand, one brief suggested that campus stations should have to meet the same 50% level of Canadian content that CBC stations must achieve.

The Commission notes that there are distinct differences between campus/community stations and the CBC. The CBC stereo services broadcast classical formats and the CBC radio services feature talk formats. The reason they have the 50% requirement for popular music is that they, unlike campus stations, play very little popular music over the broadcast week.

With respect to those expressing concern that the proposed levels might be too high, the Commission recognizes that there may be a scarcity of Canadian selections for some more esoteric types of popular music. However, during consultations, representatives of campus stations discussed extensively the role they play in encouraging local and other Canadian "alternative" artists. It is therefore difficultto conclude that they should not have to meet at least the minimum requirements for Canadian music set out in the Radio Regulations, 1986 (the regulations) in light of the emphasis that the Broadcasting Act places on the use of Canadian creative resources.

With respect to comments on ethnic programming, the Commission notes that the regulations provide for a lower Canadian content requirement (7%) for ethnic programming periods.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to the level of Canadian music broadcast on campus stations:

All campus stations (campus/community and instructional) will be expected to ensure that at least 30% of general popular music selections (category 2) and at least 10% of traditional and special interest music selections (category 3) broadcast each week are Canadian.

At least 7% of music in ethnic programming periods must be Canadian, as set out in the regulations.

The guidelines on reasonable distribution of Canadian music set out in the policy for commercial FM stations (Public Notice CRTC 1990-111) also apply to campus stations. These guidelines are as follows:

- at least 25% of popular music selections broadcast between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m. Monday through Friday should be Canadian,

- Canadian selections should receive reasonably even distribution throughout these dayparts and throughout the broadcast week, and

- there should be a significant presence of Canadian music in high audience periods, these traditionally being the morning and afternoon drive periods.

12. Block Programming and Educational Programming

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed that campus/community stations would be expected to devote at least 15% of each broadcast week to focused spoken word programs, specialized block programs that showcase particular types of music, or programs targeted to identifiable groups within the community. Instructional stations would be expected to devote at least 2 hours per week to formal educational programming that provides academic instruction.

One brief expressed support for the broadcast of formal educational programming by instructional stations, but suggested that this commitment be suspended when regular classes are not in session.

Although the Commission agrees that it would be difficult to produce formal educational programming outside the academic year, it considers that vacation periods could be used to repeat programs produced earlier in the year so that audiences could have an additional opportunity to listen to the material.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to block programming and educational programming by campus stations:

Campus/community stations will be expected to devote at least 15% of each broadcast week to focused spoken word programs, specialized block programs that showcase particular types of music, or programs targeted to identifiable groups within the community. Instructional stations must devote at least 2 hours per week to formal educational programming that provides academic instruction.

13. Licensing More than One Campus Station in an Official Language in a Community

No objections were received concerning the Commission's proposal. It therefore adopts the following policy with respect to the licensing of more than one campus station in the same official language in a community:

The Commission is willing to license more than one campus station in the same official language in a community where an adequate number of frequencies is available and where the applicant demonstrates that the programming broadcast will be clearly complementary to that broadcast by other campus and community stations currently operating in that area.

Applicants will be expected to identify and project revenues they expect to derive from various sources.

14. Campus Carrier Current Stations

The Commission requested campus broadcasters and other interested parties to comment on the advisability of exempting campus carrier current stations from the requirement that they hold broadcasting licences. There seems little reason not to exempt carrier current stations that are simply "in-house" systems.

A few briefs, however, expressed concern about an overall exemption for carrier current stations. It was suggested that some form of licensing be available to facilitate the cable carriage of carrier current stations. Concern was expressed that cable systems would be reluctant to carry services that do not have a licence becauseresponsibility for the content of these services would fall to cable operators. Some campus stations have applied for carrier current licences primarily to satisfy the concerns of cable companies in this regard because cable carriage is the only way they can be received off-campus.

In light of the above, the Commission will issue an order exempting carrier current services not carried on cable from the necessity to hold a broadcasting licence. Nevertheless, operators of such services are reminded that they must comply with requirements of the Department of Communications for technical certification. Carrier current services carried on cable systems will continue to require a licence.

Licensed carrier current stations will have to meet the regulatory requirements for AM stations (since they use the AM band), meet the ownership requirements for campus stations set out in this policy, and meet the same advertising restrictions as campus FM stations.

15. Low-Power Stations

No concerns were expressed regarding this aspect of the policy proposal. The Commission therefore adopts the following policy with respect to low-power campus stations:

The campus radio policy will generally apply to all campus stations regardless of their power. On a case-by-case basis, however, the Commission is willing to exercise flexibility when dealing with applications for stations of low power whose signals would only serve the campus of the associated university or college.

Low-power stations will be expected to fulfil all aspects of the policy if granted a power increase.

16. High School Stations

In its policy proposal, the Commission indicated that it would generally not license campus FM stations associated with high schools. High school carrier current stations however, would be allowed. The Commission indicated that this would not prevent the Commission from approving an application for a community station that is housed in a high school, but otherwise fulfils all aspects of the community radio policy.

Although not proposing to
issue community licences to high schools, the Commission recognizes that a high school might be the logical place to accommodate the studios of a community station in a smaller community. Such a station would still have to qualify fully as a community station.

In light of the above, the Commission adopts the following policy with respect to the licensing of high school stations:

As a general policy, the Commission will not licence campus AM or FM stations associated with high schools. High school carrier current stations, however, will be allowed in accordance with the policy for carrier current stations outlined earlier in this document.

This will not prevent the Commission from approving an application for a community station that is housed in a high school, but otherwise fulfils all aspects of the community radio policy.

17. Content Categories and Subcategories

In its draft policy, the Commission proposed to apply to campus stations the same content categories and subcategories, and definitions of music use indicators that it adopted for commercial stations. One submission suggested that the music definitions be changed so that all "alternative music" would fall into category 3.

In the past, the Commission has found that defining and enforcing distinctions between different types of music is difficult. Defining "alternative" music would be especially hard. As well, the Canadian content requirement for category 3 music is only 10%, while that for category 2 is 30%. One of the effects of the change proposed in this submission might thus be an overall reduction in the amount of Canadian music played. For these reasons, the Commission is not prepared to redefine its definitions of music.

In light of the above, the Commission has decided that the content categories and subcategories, and definitions of music use indicators, adopted for commercial stations will also apply to campus stations.

18. Other Matters

a) Application Forms

Some briefs noted that the Commission has, in the past, used the same application forms for campus stations as it uses for community stations, and requested that simplified forms relevant to the particular situation of campus and community radio be developed. The Commission agrees and will develop application forms especially for campus and community radio. It will also develop a guide to licensing for the use of campus broadcasters, similar to the Glossary of Radio Terms developed for commercial stations.

b) Hours of Broadcast

One submission suggested that campus stations be allowed to reduce their hours of broadcast during vacation periods. The Commission has allowedsuch flexibility in the past and agrees that it should be incorporated in the new policy. Accordingly, campus stations will have the same flexibility as that adopted for community stations. They may thus reduce or increase broadcast hours by up to 20% without application to the Commission provided they meet the minimum percentage commitments set out in their Promises of Performance.

c) Implementation

The new policy will be implemented as follows:

All campus stations will be considered to be operating in compliance with their Promises of Performance until their next licence renewal provided they meet the guidelines set out in the policy, with the exception of any commitments that are subject to specific conditions of licence. Any changes to specific conditions of licence will require Commission approval before implementation.

Stations that currently have commitments in their Promises of Performance that are outside the limits specified in the policy (e.g. spoken word below 25%, maximum repeat factor above 10 for campus/community stations or 18 for instructional stations, hit factor above 10% for campus/community or 30% for instructional stations) may continue with their current commitments until the end of their current licence term.

d) Applications by Campus Stations to Become Community Stations

During consultations with the representatives of campus/community stations, a few indicated that their stations might eventually evolve to the point where they would sever their connections with the campus and become full-fledged community stations. They were interested in knowing if the Commission would be receptive to a station making this change. Such a change would not appear to raise serious concerns in areas that are not already served by community stations provided the station making the switch fulfiled all elements of the community radio policy and ceased to receive funding from student organizations, student fees or other sources from the associated university or college. The Commission therefore adopts the following policy with respect to campus stations applying to become community stations:

The Commission will generally be willing to approve applications for campus stations to become community stations in areas not already served by community stations where proof is provided that they would no longer be funded by student organizations, student fees or other sources from the associated university or college, and that they would fulfil all elements of the community radio policy.

C ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

The Commission wishes to thank all who participated in this review. Thoughtful briefs were received canvassing a variety of perspectives, including those submitted by the Governments of Quebec and Nova Scotia, industry associations, broadcasters, program producers, educational institutions and individuals interested in campus and community broadcasting. These submissions were of tremendous assistance to the Commission in the development of its policies.

Related Documents: Public Notices CRTC 1991-118 dated 20 November 1991, "Policy Proposals for Community and Campus Radio"; CRTC 1990-111 dated 17 December 1990, "An FM Policy for the Nineties"; CRTC 1989-3 and 1989-4 dated 10 January 1989, "Radio Networks and Syndication Policy" and "Radio Affilication - Disaffiliation with Networks"; and CRTC 1983-43 dated 3 March 1983,
"A Review of Radio".

Allan J. Darling
Secretary General